Compared with the tools used in ordinary machine tools, the tools used in CNC machine tools are not much different in terms of tool type, material, blade structure and parameters and cutting methods. However, in order to meet the requirements of high-speed and powerful cutting in vertical machining centers, the requirements for the rigidity and durability of tools are stricter than those in ordinary machining.
The rigidity of the tool is not good. First, the same tool should not be used for both rough and finish machining, which affects the production efficiency; Second, it is very easy to break the tool in NC automatic processing; Third, the machining accuracy will be greatly reduced. The poor durability of the tool will result in frequent tool change and tool setting, which will increase the preparation time, and it is also easy to leave tool contact marks on the contour surface of the workpiece, affecting the processing quality of the workpiece surface. Therefore, tools with high rigidity and durability should be selected as far as possible.
The selection of tool materials for vertical machining centers is mainly based on the material of the workpiece to be machined, the accuracy of the surface to be machined, the quality requirements of the surface, the size of the cutting load, and whether there is impact in the cutting process. The general principle is to select cemented carbide tools. For some high-precision CNC machine tools, better performance and more wear-resistant tool materials such as ceramics, cubic boron nitride or diamond can also be selected.
For machining centers capable of tool change, tool systems have been standardized, including tool systems for lathe type CNC machines and tool systems for mantis milling type CNC machines. They are mainly composed of two parts: the first part is the tool part, and the second part is the tool shank (tool shank) extension rod (extension handle), collet and other clamping tools. The structure, dimension series and connection form of tools and clamping tools are specified in the tool system.
