The basic components of CNC machine tools include processing program carrier, CNC device, servo drive device, machine tool body and other auxiliary devices. The basic working principles of each component are briefly described below.
Processing program carrier
When the CNC machine tool is working, workers do not need to operate the machine tool directly. To control the CNC machine tool, a processing program must be prepared. In the part processing program, it includes the relative motion track of the tool and workpiece on the machine tool, process parameters (feed rate, spindle speed, etc.) and auxiliary motion, etc. The part processing program is stored on a program carrier with a certain format and code, such as perforated paper tape, cassette tape, floppy disk, etc. The program information is input to the CNC unit through the input device of the CNC machine tool.
CNC device
CNC device is the core of CNC machine tools. Modern numerical control devices all adopt the form of CNC (Computer Numerical Control), which generally uses multiple microprocessors to realize numerical control functions in the form of programmed software, so it is also called Software NC. CNC system is a position control system, which interpolates the ideal motion track according to the input data, and then outputs it to the executive part to process the required parts. Therefore, the NC device is mainly composed of three basic parts: input, processing and output. All these works are reasonably organized by the computer system program to make the whole system work in coordination.
